Goods and Services Tax (GST) is an indirect tax (or consumption tax) used in India on the supply of goods and services. It is a comprehensive, multistage, destination-based tax: comprehensive because it has subsumed almost all the indirect taxes except a few state taxes. Multi-staged as it is, the GST is imposed at every step in the production process, but is meant to be refunded to all parties in the various stages of production other than the final consumer and as a destination-based tax, it is collected from point of consumption and not point of origin like previous taxes.
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Goods and Services Tax (GST) contains three components applicable, basis the centre, the state and integrated levy. They are as follows –
CGST – Central Goods and Services Tax is collected by the central government on sales conducted intra-state.
SGST – State Goods and Services Tax is collected by the state government on the sale of goods and services within a particular state as well.
IGST – The central government collects Integrated Goods and Services Tax on sales affected inter-state.
Here’s an example to help you understand the levy, collection and share of revenue between the state and the central government in India.
A seller in Rajasthan sells goods worth Rs. 1 lakh to a buyer in the same state. The tax rate applicable to the goods is 12%, comprising 6% of CGST and 6% of SGST. The total GST of Rs. 12,000 collected will be shared between the centre and the state at Rs. 6,000 each as the sale is made intra-state.
The same seller sold goods worth Rs. 50,000 from Rajasthan to Gujrat The tax rate applicable to these goods was 18%. The seller will thus charge IGST of Rs. 9,000 from the buyer due to it being an inter-state sale. The tax so collected will be submitted to the central government.
Once submitted, the tax will be shared by the central government and state government based on the supply of goods made. For the ease of tax collection, the government has made the entire system for the payment of GST online.
An Input Tax credit means that when a business person or a trader is paying tax on output, he/she can reduce the tax already paid on input (purchase).
For example, in the case of a manufacturer selling the final product, the output tax stands at Rs. 500. However, he already paid Rs. 200 as input tax while purchasing the product. He can thus receive an ITC of Rs. 200 on the final product and needs to pay only the difference of Rs. 300 , i.e., Rs. 500 – Rs. 200 to the government as Goods and Service Tax (GST).
ITC can be claimed only by businesses registered under the Goods and Services Tax Act. Also, all respective suppliers must be registered under the act for you to be eligible to avail ITC.
No, you need to register business under this act to avail the ITC claim.
A business opting for composition scheme needs to file quarterly returns on the 18th of the following month after each quarter ends through GSTR-4. They also need to file annual GST return on 31st December of following financial year through GSTR-9A.
No, a dealer opting for a composition scheme is not eligible to avail ITC.
Yes, every taxable person, including a non-resident taxable person needs to register for GST.
E-Way Bill is the short form of Electronic Way Bill. It is a unique document/bill, which is electronically generated for the specific consignment/movement of goods from one place to another, either inter-state or intra-state.
Below mentioned taxpayers have to apply for GST registration: 1. Individuals registered under the Pre-GST law (i.e., Excise, VAT, Service Tax etc.) 2. Taxable person who supplies goods and the annual turnover of his business is above 40 lakhs and the one who supplies services with annual turnover of rupees 20 lakhs. 3. Casual taxable person / Non-Resident taxable person. 4. Agents of a supplier & Input service distributor. 5. Those paying tax under the reverse charge mechanism. 6. Person who supplies via e-commerce aggregator. 7. Every e-commerce aggregator.
After collecting all the required docs , GST registration takes 3-7 working days for the entire process to complete and receive the GST number.
Exports will be treated as zero-rated supplies. No tax will be payable on exports of goods or services, however, the credit of input tax credit will be available and same will be available as a refund to the exporters. The Exporter will have an option to either pay tax on the output and claim refund of IGST or export under Bond without payment of IGST and claim a refund of Input Tax Credit (ITC).
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